KorolovSerhii

At once on completion of Second world war the command of soviet engineers among that there was Serhii Korolov ------------------------------------------------ left to Germany. Their task was to learn the construction ---------------- of legendary ballistic missile of “Fay–2” (V–2) and that, how Germans succeeded to assemble it. As for today, a missile reached the aim not well-placed enough, but then it was the best of all. Besides it did not succeed to be staggered by the systems of air defense. Americans also decided to investigate it, ---------------- and they took out 300 carriages of “missile load” and ---------------------- the German scientists to their laboratories for this purpose. Both countries wantedto use “Fay–2” as basis for creation of own ballistic missiles ---------.

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Korolov who was appointed as the main designer of ballistic missiles planned ------------------ to learn the experience of Germans to collect his own missile, but the engineers got an order to create the exact copy of the German one. Copying someone else’s is an idea in itself, but he decided that after the first there will be a second, a third, and then nothing will stop him from implementing all his ideas. --------------------------------------------------------. Tests of the first Soviet R–1 ballistic missile began in the fall of 1948. And in May 1957, Korolyov began testing the R–7, the first ---------- intercontinental ballistic missile. A rocket that changed everything.

R–7 appeared not ideal for the achievement of military aims, but perfect for the space conquer.

The same year in autumn Korolov succeeded in launching of the first artificial satellite of the Earth. The work has been started ------------- in 1956 when it was found out that R–7 could place it into the orbit. ------------------------ Engineers argued for a long time regarding the material it should be made of and about the weight, size and its shape ---------------. Then Korolov said: “Sphere and only sphere! ... Understand, first! When people will see an artificial satellite, it must cause the warm feelings.” And telling the truth, another sphere among planets and their natural satellites. Now it was created by people. The satellite was named SS–1 (Simple Satellite 1). However, what could be easy in what humanity created first time?

The first satellite ------------------------------------------------------------------, ------------------------------------------------------ was quite small: 58 centimetres diameter and weight of 83,6 kilogram. Having aerials and transmitter, he passed signals ------------------, --------------- that the radio amateurs of almost all countries could catch. It was also one of Korolov's ideas.

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On October, 4, 1957 at 19:28:34 GMT the modified launch vehicle R–7 took off. -------------------------. In 295 seconds AS–1 and the central block of the rocket entered an elliptic orbit, and in 20 seconds more a satellite separated and began to give radio signals. ----------------------------------------------------------.

The next day a Pravda (“True”) newspaper wrote:

“... Now the satellite describes elliptic trajectories around the Earth and its flight is possible to observe in the rays of a morning and evening Sun by means of the simplest optical instruments (binoculars, spyglasses, etc).

According to calculations that is now specified by direct supervisions, the satellite will move on heights to 900 kilometres above the Earth; time of one complete turn of satellite there will be 1 hour and 35 minutes.”

The satellite placed into the orbit and did 1 440 turns round the Earth, after this it lost its speed due to frictions and got off from the orbit on January, 4 in 1958 and burned out in the dense layers of the atmosphere.

All work on preparing the satellite to launch was kept --------. So its launch came as a surprise for the whole world. The next surprise was 1961...